Easy Word | Luyện ngữ pháp


Luyện ngữ pháp - English Grammar in Use (Unit 5: Past simple)


A

Study this example:

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer.
He lived from 1756 to 1791.
He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
He was only 35 years old when he died.

Lived/started/wrote/was/died are all past simple.
B Very often the past simple ends in -ed (regular verbs):
  • I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a department store.
  • We invited them to our party, but they decided not to come.
  • The police stopped me on my way home last night.
  • Laura passed her exam because she studied very hard.

For spelling (stopped, studied etc.), see Appendix 6.

But many verbs are irregular. The past simple does not end in -ed. For example:
  • Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. (write -> wrote)
  • We saw Tanya in town a few days ago. (see -> saw)
  • I went to the cinema three times last week. (go -> went )
  • lt was cold, so I shut the window. (shut -> shut)
C

In questions and negatives we use did/didn't+ infinitive (enjoy/see/go etc.):

I
she
they		 enjoyed?
saw?
went?
  
did you
she
they		 enjoy?
see?
go?
  
I
she
they		 didn't enjoy
see
go

  • A: Did you go out last night?
    B: Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn't enjoy the film much.
  • 'When did Mr Thomas die?'  'About ten years ago.'
  • They didn't invite us to the party, so we didn't go.
  • 'Did you have time to do the shopping?'  'No, I didn't.'

In the following examples, do is the main verb in the sentence (did ... do / didn't do):
  • What did you do at the weekend? (not What did you at the weekend?)
  • I didn't do anything. (not I didn't anything)
D

The past of be (am/is/are) is was/were:

I/he/she/it was/wasn't
we/you/they were/weren't
  
was I/he/she/it?
were we/you/they?

Note that we do not use did in negatives and questions with was/were:
  • I was angry because they were late.
  • Was the weather good when you were on holiday?
  • They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
  • Did you go out last night or were you too tired?
Exercises - 5.1


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