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AIMS: Health vocabulary • First and second conditionals • Using linking words to describe cause and effect • Writing a cause and effect essay for Task 2
1. Match the pictures to the words in the box.
2. Complete the texts with the words from the box.
Nowadays, many children are (1) .There are many reasons for this; some people blame the amount of (2) that is available, and others claim it is because children don't get enough (3) . The reality is that childhood obesity is probably a combination of both poor diet and lack of exercise.
Doctors have been trying to find a (4) for the common cold for many years. A cold, which is a relatively harmless (5) . can occur at any time of the year and may mean that a person cannot work for up to a week. There are many (6) for treating colds. However, they cannot cure them.
It is often claimed that exercise keeps people (7) and healthier, and a recent study has shown that this is true. People who do at least 40 minutes of exercise a week, for example jogging or swimming, are less likely to become (8) and are more likely to (9) to old age.
3. The first conditional is used to show causes and effects in real situations. First conditional structures have two clauses. The if-clause contains a condition or cause and the main clause contains the result or effect of the condition or cause.
if-clause (condition / cause) main clause (result / effect)
if + present simple + subject + will/ should/ could/ might/ may + infinitive without to
If my cold gets worse, I will go to bed. or I will go to bed if my cold gets worse.
Complete the sentences with phrases a-d. Then underline all the result clauses.
1. If doctors find a cure for the common cold,
2. if they eat too much junk food.
3. If people exercise every day
4. if hospitals aren't free.
a Children might become overweight
b people will have fewer absences from work
c they may live longer
d People may suffer
4. The second conditional is used to show causes and effects in unlikely situations. Second conditional structures have two clauses. The if-clause contains a condition or cause and the main clause contains the result or effect of the condition or cause.
if-clause (condition / cause) main clause (result / effect)
if + past simple + subject + would/ could/ might + infinitive without to
If all illnesses were cured, everybody would be happy.
or Everybody would be happy if all illnesses were cured.
Use these notes to write full sentences with the second conditional. Keep the information in the order given.
1. Doctors receive better training. Patient care improve.
2. Junk food not exist. People not be overweight.
3. People live longer. All diseases cured.
4. Hospitals free. More people live longer.
5. No doctors. A lot more illness.
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