AIMS: Words describing families and relationships • Modal verbs • Structuring paragraphs and essays • Structuring a Task 2 opinion essay

1. Complete the sentences about the family tree by putting the letters of the bold words in the correct order.

1. Jon's (o e r m h t) is Susan.

2. Jon and Rachel's (o n s) is Jason

3. Jon and Rachel's (u g r e d a h t) is Polly.

4. Polly and Jason's (t e r f h a) is Jon.

5. Polly and Jason's (e r r a m g o t n d h) is Susan.

6. Rachel's o (m e t r h - n i - a w l) is Susan.

7. Howard and Susan's (n g n o s a r d) is Jason.

8. Jason and Polly's (r n s p e a t) are Rachel and Jon.

2. Read the speech bubbles, then complete the sentences below with the words in bold.

	My name is Clare and I'm 15 years old. I go to school and this year I will have my first exams. I want to be a doctor, but it's a difficult job, so I must study hard to pass my exams. To be a doctor, I must have a lot of qualifications, but I don't need to be very good at art or languages, just science.
	I'm Clare's mother, Molly. Clare wants to be a doctor when she is older. I think she needs to study hard for this. She plays on her computer quite a lot, which she shouldn't do. I think she should study more. She is clever. I think she might be a doctor.

1. - used to talk about something expected in the future

2. /have to / need to - used to say what is necessary

3. - used to say something is a good idea

4. - used to say something isn't a good idea

5. - used to say it isn't necessary to do something

6. / can / could - used to say what is possible

7. - used to say what isn't necessary

3. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct modal and semi-modal verbs from sentences 1-7 in Exercise 2.

1. It is a good idea for children to respect their parents.

2. I plan to go to university in the future.

3. It is not a good idea for parents to smoke near their children.

4. It is possible that children will have lessons on the Internet in the future.

5. It is necessary for all children to be taught basic skills like maths and reading.

4. Use modal and semi-modal verbs to give your opinions about events in the future. Should/ shouldn’t, can, might and could are less definite than will, need to, must and have to. Compare:

Children who disobey their parents will be punished. (= a definite future action)
Children who disobey their parents should be punished. (= a suggestion)
Children who disobey their parents might be punished. (= a possibility)

Rewrite these sentences to make them less definite.

1 Children who don't study will fail their exams. (➔ a possibility)

2 University must prepare people for the best jobs. (➔ a suggestion)

3 Children need to follow their parents' advice. (➔ a suggestion)