Easy Word | Luyện ngữ pháp


Luyện ngữ pháp - Destination B1 ((Unit 41: Grammar - The causative))


The causative

subject + have in the correct form + object + past participle

Use: To show that someone arranges for someone else to do something for them.

Tense / modal Example
present simple Mrs Taylor has her car cleaned once a month.
present continuous She is having the tyres checked at the moment.
present perfect simple She has had the windscreen replaced.
present perfect continuous This is not usually used in the causative.
past simple She had the car filled up with petrol yesterday.
past continuous She was having the car repaired when I last saw her.
past perfect simple She had had the engine checked.
past perfect continuous This is not usually used in the causative.
will and other modals She will have a car alarm fitted when she can afford it.
She would have air bags put in but it's too expensive.
be going to She is going to have a new car radio installed.
-ing form She might stop having the car cleaned so often.

Helpful hints
Look at the differences between a normal active sentence and a sentence in the causative.
Normal active sentence: Someone cleans Mrs Taylor's car every week
In the causative: Mrs Taylor has her car cleaned every week.

We can also use get instead of have. Get is more informal than have.
✓ I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow, (more formal)
✓ I’m going to get my hair cut tomorrow, (more informal)

Just as with the passive (see Unit 11), we can use by to show who does the action.
✓ We're having a family photo taken by a local photographer.

Watch out!
With the causative, have always comes before the noun and the past participle always comes after the noun.

When we ask questions using the causative, the past participle stays after the noun.
✓ Did you have the furniture delivered yesterday?
✘ Did you have delivered the furniture yesterday?

Some verbs have irregular past participle forms.

Irregular verbs

Bare infinitive Past simple Past participle
be was, were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got/gotten
give gave given
go went gone/been
grow grew grown
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lead led led
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
sting stung stung
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

Exercise - A


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