Easy Word | Luyện ngữ pháp


Luyện ngữ pháp - Destination C1 and C2 ((Unit 17: Grammar - Clauses))


Participle clauses
To replace a relative clause She was the nurse looking after the patients at the time. (who was looking)
The boy taken to hospital was 13 years old. (who was taken)
With prepositions and conjunctions After giving blood, I went home.
After having given blood, I went home.
To explain the reason for something Being frightened of needles, Tony was not looking forward to the injection.
Having had several operations before, Ali wasn't particularly nervous this time.
To talk about actions happening at the same time Sitting in the waiting room, I could hear the sound of the dentist drilling.
To talk about actions happening in sequence Having found an optician close to the office, I made an appointment for that evening.
As an alternative passive form Given an aspirin, I began to feel better. (when/because I was given an aspirin)
As an alternative conditional form Given the chance, I'd definitely study pharmacology. (if I were given the chance)

Watch out!
When the participle clause doesn't have its own subject, the clause and the rest of the sentence must both refer to the same subject.
✓ Standing in the hot, crowded room, I began to feel dizzy. ( = I was standing)
✘ Standing in the hot, crowded room, my head began to feel dizzy.(=my head wasn't standing)

Form - Defining and non-defining relative clauses Form - Infinitive clauses


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