Easy Word | Luyện ngữ pháp

Luyện ngữ pháp - Destination C1 and C2 ((Unit 9: Grammar - Modals and semi-modals))

Form - Obligation

Obligation
Current or general obligation	must, mustn't, have (got) to, need (to)	You have to be* a good communicator to be a press spokesperson.*
A lack of current or general obligation	don't have to, haven't got to,needn't, don't need (to)	You don't* a/ways need to have a degree to become a journalist.*
Future obligation	will have to, must, mustn't,have (got) to, (will) need (to)	You'll have to do quite a lot of research before you write this report.
A lack of future obligation	don't/won't have to, haven't got to, needn't, don't/won't need (to)	I'm glad we won't have to write* any more essays on this course.*
Past obligation	had to, needed (to)	We had to come up with* three questions each.*
A lack of past obligation	didn't have to, didn't need (to), needn't have	In the past, politicians didn't have to deal with* being in a 24-hour media spotlight.*

Watch out!
• We are more likely to use must for personal obligation (making our own decision about what we must do) and have to for external obligation (someone else making a decision about what we must do). • Using must for questions is extremely formal. We usually use have to. ✓ Do you have to* have a degree to be a journalist?* • Mustn't is used for prohibition. Don't have to is used for a lack of obligation. • We can use didn't have to and didn't need to for things that we did or didn't actually do. However, we only use needn't have done for things that we actually did but weren't obliged to do.

Watch out!

• We are more likely to use must for personal obligation (making our own decision about what we must do) and have to for external obligation (someone else making a decision about what we must do).

• Using must for questions is extremely formal. We usually use have to.
✓ Do you have to have a degree to be a journalist?

• Mustn't is used for prohibition. Don't have to is used for a lack of obligation.

• We can use didn't have to and didn't need to for things that we did or didn't actually do. However, we only use needn't have done for things that we actually did but weren't obliged to do.

Obligation

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