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READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3

Controlling the Car of the Future

Chris Wild

A

The car is not what it used to be. Styling, safety and performance have undergone radical changes and improvements in the last 40 years. Drivers from the 1960s, perhaps a Ford Anglia owner, would recognise that a BMW Series 5 was a car, but that is about as far as their understanding would go.
What would such a person make of air-bags, navigation, cruise control and rear-seat entertainment? The evolution which has led to these features is unlikely to slow down any time soon. In fact, in certain areas it may be about to accelerate.

B

One of the areas which is going to exhibit rapid and radical evolution is the car interior, in particular the interfaces between the car systems and the occupants. The interior systems are evolving as the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) react to a number of factors acting on the basic idea of the car itself.

C

These factors arise out of a number of external and internal influences, the latter being brought in by the automotive industry itself:
  • economics - cars need to be cheaper to produce and rich in features to sell well
  • energy issues - energy efficiency in the design and operation of cars is now a key selling point for the industry
  • consumer connectivity (from within cars) - these are being set by the mobile device market, not the automotive industry
  • safety concerns - governments and insurers are making increasing demands to reduce accident and mortality rates associated with road use
  • congestion in the cities -city authorities require that road traffic is managed, potentially actively and intrusively, to allow cities to carry on functioning
  • market types -non-Western markets and associated cultures such as those in China and India are becoming the major target for growth in car sales.


D

For car occupants, the first and the most visible impact of the influences described above will be the way information is presented and how the Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) occurs. As a result of changing market and consumer demands, a number of new features, and systems to deliver them, will appear in the car interior in the next decade.
Some of the features we will begin to see will include increasing connectivity to infrastructure to support security, traffic management and infotainment. As a result, commercial services for insurance, car maintenance and even advertising will appear in our cars. In-car media systems will offer multiple web and/or media streams to different parts of the car. Media will be available for playback in the car from mobile devices, in-car media support or from connectivity.
We should also expect to see systems in place to impose or coach eco-driving as standard. In the case of electric cars, this will range from systems for locating, scheduling and booking access, through to charging infrastructure. Such systems may include intelligent and connected agents which propose alternative modes of transport as a better way to travel under difficult traffic conditions.

E

But with such evolutions comes a major challenge. As more information is brought into the car, with more diversity of style, priority and urgency, interfacing to these features within the constraints of the vehicle will require new and innovative methods of interaction, and a new set of paradigms for the design of in-car HMI.
The challenge here has multiple facets. Firstly, much of the information being presented is relevant to the driver who is occupied with a critical task, that of safely operating the car. Secondly, the safety constraints of vehicle design preclude certain styles of technology; it is not acceptable that a mouse or a keyboard can move freely in space as the result of a rapid deceleration, during an accident for example. Thirdly, any design approach has to support cultural localisation in a manner which is economically viable; the basic design paradigm should be cheaply customisable for Delhi and London alike.

F

All of these evolutions are just the beginning of another round of change to the car as we know it. We may even see changes to the driving controls themselves; joysticks and fly-by-wire could soon make their appearance. Like the 1960s Ford Anglia owner, the BMW Series 5 owner of today will look at cars of 2020 and.wonder where the ignition key is.



QUESTIONS 27-32

Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F.

Choose the correct section for each main idea from the list of headings given below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

  1. Fast and extreme modification of car's interior
  2. Differences between BMW Series 5 and Ford Anglia
  3. The facility of increased communication inside the car
  4. Types of changes in a car's body and its performance
  5. The new changes presenting new problems
  6. The latest features in a car a11d their future
  7. Cars of the future to be very different from cars of today
  8. Types of influences causing the changes

  1. Section A
  2. Section B
  3. Section C
  4. Section D
  5. Section E
  6. Section F



QUESTIONS 33-40

Complete the labels in the flow chart listing different reasons for the changes in the designing of cars.
Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the reading passage for each label.
Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.

Types of reasons for making changes in the designing of cars

  

33    38
A
34
   B
39
A
35
   B
40
C
36
  
D
37
  


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