Grammar Focus 1. Present Tense Simple present The simple present is frequently used with always, sometimes, usually, often, rarely, hardly, ever, never Use the simple present for routines, habits, or statements that are always true. a) The Earth is round.
b) I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning. Use the simple present for future events that are certain to take place. a) He comes back tomorrow.
b) When does the train leave? Note: You can also use the present progressive for future events that are certain to take place.
a) He's coming back tomorrow. 2. Present perfect Present perfect verbs are often used with once, twice, -times, ever, never, finally, just, already, yet, recently. Use the present perfect (have/has+ past participle) to describe an action that happened in the past, where the time of the action may not necessarily be known. a) I have been to the United States.
b) We have lived here for twenty years.
c) John has seen the movie twice.
d) I have just finished the project. 3. Present progressive Use the present progressive (is/are + -ing) for an action that is currently in progress. Present progressive verbs are frequently used with this week, today, at the moment, for the time being, currently a) I'm eating lunch right now.
b) What are you talking about? Note: Stative verbs do not occur in the progressive tense.
a) I'm having a pen. (✘) ➔ I have a pen.
b) She's seeing a bird. (✘) ➔ She sees a bird. Stative verbs include
know, own, belong, have, like, hate, seem, appear, hear, smell, taste, see, resemble a) I'm eating lunch right now.
b) What are you talking about? 4. Present perfect progressive Use present perfect progressive verbs (has/have been+ -ing) for situations that began in the past and are continuing in the present. a) He has been calling her all morning.
b) It's been raining here since we arrived. | 