to introduce a condition or circumstance that might happen, and it implies that one should be prepared or take precautions for that particular situation.
The law will apply equally to men and women except in the case of maternity leave.
Keep a flashlight in case of a power outage during the storm.
In case of fire, use the emergency exits located at the front and rear of the building.
Carry an umbrella in case of unexpected rain showers.
In case of an emergency, please dial the designated emergency hotline.